Zaire ebolavirus
Most studiedLargest outbreaks in West and Central Africa. Ervebo vaccine approved.
- • 2014–2016 West Africa epidemic
- • Ervebo vaccine available
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Ebolavirus species & common myths
Five species of ebolavirus are recognised. Four cause disease in humans; one (Reston) has not been linked to severe human illness.
Species comparison
Sudan virus
East AfricaOutbreaks in Uganda and South Sudan.
- • 2000 Gulu outbreak
- • 2022 Mubende outbreak
Bundibugyo virus
Smaller outbreaksIdentified in Uganda in 2007.
- • 2007 Uganda outbreak
Reston virus
Animal reservoirFound mainly in animals; not known to cause severe human disease.
- • No severe human disease documented
Taï Forest virus
RareRare human infections documented (1994 case).
- • 1994 Côte d'Ivoire case
Myth vs fact
Myth
Ebola spreads through the air everywhere.
Fact
Ebola spreads through direct contact with bodily fluids, not airborne transmission.
Myth
Everyone infected with Ebola dies.
Fact
Survival is possible, especially with early supportive medical care.
Myth
Casual contact always spreads Ebola.
Fact
Risk depends on direct exposure to bodily fluids of a symptomatic person.
Myth
Only Africa can have Ebola cases.
Fact
Imported cases and healthcare responses can occur globally.